CLIENT HOSTED SEMINARS TROUBLESHOOTING REFINERY PROCESSES (A typical 6-day course outline.) Day One - Distillation • Review of Distillation Fundamentals • Tray Hydraulics • Identifying Flooded Towers & Incipient Flood • Effect of Reducing Pressure • Damaged Trays • Tray Deck Plugging & Downcomer Back-up • Tower Bottoms Level Control • Tower External Temperature Surveys   Day Two - Distillation • Crude Column Fractionation • Optimizing Pumparounds • Tower Draw-off Nozzle Hydraulics • Tower Pressure Drop Surveys • Coker Fractionator Problems • Side Stream Steam Stripping Problems • Tower Bottoms Steam Stripping • FCU Fractionator Problems   Day Three - Reboiling & Condensing, and Packed Towers • Thermosyphon Reboilers • How Reboiler Problems Cause Tower Flooding • Kettle Reboilers • Fouling in Shell and Tube Exchangers • Feed Preheat versus Reboiler (& Problems with Leaking Feed Preaheater) • Blowing the Reboiler Condensate Seal • Pressure Control in Light Ends Columns • Condensate Collection and De-aerator Operation • Packed Tower Design & Operation   Day Four - Fired Heaters • Proper Use of Excess Air • Heat Balancing Convective and Radiant Sections • Draft Control • Afterburn - Causes and Cures • Air Preheaters • Maintaining Stack Temperature and Preventing SO3 Condensation • Proper Use of Snuffing Steam • Stuttering Feed Interruption and Coke Formation Inside Tubes • Debottlenecking Heaters   Day Five - Condensers, Steam Jets and Vacuum Systems • Problems with Hot Vapor By-Pass Control • Effect of Sub-Cooling on Condenser Efficiency • Pressure Control in Light Ends Columns • Flooded Condenser Pressure Control versus Hot Vapor By-Pass Control • Problems with Condensers in Parallel of Un-equal Sized, or Unsymmetrical Pipework • Air Fin-fan Coolers, Forced Draft • Converging - Diverging Steam Jets • Surface Condensers as Inter-Stage Condensers between each Stage of Jets • Optimizing Steam Jet Performance • Vacuum Distillation Tower Operation and Design   Day Six - Turbines, Pumps and Compressors • Steam Turbine - Use of Hand Valves on Steam Chest/ Efficient Speed Control • Use of the Mollier Diagram for Analysis of Converging or Diverging Nozzles • Proper Use of Speed Control and Over-speed Trip on Steam Turbine • Centrifugal Pump - Mechanical Seals & Bearings • Operation of Centrifugal Pumps • Selecting Proper Impeller Size, Sizing Motor Driver, and Variable Speed Motor Drives • Calculating, Troubleshooting & Providing enough Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) • Centrifugal Compressor Fundamentals • Rotor Fouling & Measuring Compressor Efficiency • Relationship of Polytropic Head to Surge • Reciprocating Compressor Fundamentals • Volumetric Compressor Efficiency • Use of Head-End Unloaders Email Norm Contact Us

 

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